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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Germany: Communications
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Germany
Communications</hdr><body>
<p>Railroads:
</p>
<p> western: 31,443 km total; 27,421 km government owned, 1.435-meter
standard gauge (12,491 km double track, 11,501 km electrified); 4,022
km nongovernment owned, including 3,598 km 1.435-meter standard gauge
(214 km electrified) and 424 km 1.000-meter gauge (186 km
electrified)
</p>
<p> eastern: 14,025 km total; 13,750 km 1.435-meter standard gauge,
275 km 1.000-meter or other narrow gauge; 3,830 (est.) km 1.435-meter
standard gauge double-track; 3,475 km overhead electrified (1988)
</p>
<p>Highways:
</p>
<p> western: 466,305 km total; 169,568 km primary, includes 6,435 km
autobahn, 32,460 km national highways (Bundesstrassen), 65,425 km
state highways (Landesstrassen), 65,248 km county roads
(Kreisstrassen); 296,737 km of secondary communal roads
(Gemeindestrassen)
</p>
<p> eastern: 124,604 km total; 47,203 km concrete, asphalt, stone
block, of which 1,855 km are autobahn and limited access roads,
11,326 km are trunk roads, and 34,022 km are regional roads; 77,401
km municipal roads (1988)
</p>
<p>Inland waterways:
</p>
<p> western: 5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of
1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhine
and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic
Sea and North Sea
</p>
<p> eastern: 2,319 km (1988)
</p>
<p>Pipelines: crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km; natural
gas 97,564 km (1988)
</p>
<p>Ports: coastal - Bremerhaven, Brunsbuttel, Cuxhaven, Emden, Bremen,
Hamburg, Kiel, Lubeck, Wilhelmshaven, Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund,
Sassnitz; inland - 31 major on Rhine and Elbe rivers
</p>
<p>Merchant marine: 565 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,928,759
GRT/6,292,193 DWT; includes 5 short-sea passenger, 3 passenger, 303
cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 134 container, 28 roll-on/roll-off
cargo, 5 railcar carrier, 7 barge carrier, 9 oil tanker, 21 chemical
tanker, 17 liquefied gas tanker, 5 combination ore/oil, 6 combination
bulk, 12 bulk; note - the German register includes ships of the
former East and West Germany; during 1991 the fleet underwent major
restructuring as surplus ships were sold off
</p>
<list>
<l>Airports:</l>
<l> total: 499</l>
<l> usable: 492</l>
<l> with permanent-surface runways: 271</l>
<l> with runways over 3,659 m: 5</l>
<l> with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 59</l>
<l> with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 67</l>
</list>
<p>Telecommunications:
</p>
<p> western: highly developed, modern telecommunication service to
all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 40,300,000
telephones; intensively developed, highly redundant cable and
microwave radio relay networks, all completely automatic; broadcast
stations - 80 AM, 470 FM, 225 (6,000 repeaters) TV; 6 submarine
coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 12 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
antennas, 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT antennas, EUTELSAT, and domestic
systems; 2 HF radiocommunication centers; tropospheric links
</p>
<p> eastern: badly needs modernization; 3,970,000 telephones;
broadcast stations - 23 AM, 17 FM, 21 TV (15 Soviet TV repeaters);
6,181,860 TVs; 6,700,000 radios; 1 satellite earth station operating
in INTELSAT and Intersputnik systems
</p></body></article></text>